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Diaspora Yeshiva Toras Yisrael

Torah From Zion

Yissurim — a necessary step toward receiving the Torah

January 29, 2024 / Shevat 21, 5784

Israel in Egypt - Edward Poynter (1867)

“Moshe sent away his father-in-law, who returned to his land” (Shemos / Exodus 18:27). According to the Midrash, this was before Matan Torah [the giving of the Torah]. Why would Moshe [Moses] sent Yisro [Jethro] away at such a critical time? Here he was a willing convert, who had picked himself up and come a long way to join Klal Yisrael [lit. All of Israel], and just as they’re about to receive the Torah, Moshe tells him to leave?

In explanation, the Midrash begins with a verse from Mishlei ([Proverbs] 14:10): “The heart knows the bitterness of its soul.” Hashem said: “My children were slaves working with mortar and bricks, while Yisro was dwelling peacefully in his home. He’ll come to see the joy of the Torah along with My children?” Therefore, it states that “Moshe sent his father-in-law away . . .”

Yisro did not merit to remain with Klal Yisrael for the receiving of the Torah, because only they had gone through the sufferings of slavery. Only they had been purified in the iron crucible that was Egypt (Melachim [Kings] I 8:11). Yisro, by contrast, decided one fine day to pack up his belongings and come to the desert, with no prior yissurim [sufferings] to preparing him. He wanted to take part in the joy of receiving the Torah, but about this Shlomo Hamelech [King Solomon] states: “In its joy, no foreigner will take part.”

Yisro is like a person who shows up at a wedding, but he has no connection to the chassan [groom] or kallah [bride]. A joyful experience is taking place, the receiving of the Torah, but only one who went through the entire process of servitude can merit to experience that great joy kabalas HaTorah [receiving the Torah].

Harav Aharon Kotler (Mishnas Rebbe Aharon on the Torah, Parashas Yisro) explains that this Midrash is based on the principle brought forth in Brachos (5a) by Rav Shimon bar Yochai: Hashem gave three gifts to Yisrael, and all of them were given only through yissurim: Torah, Eretz Yisrael [the Land of Israel] and Olam Haba [the World to Come].

Pirkei Avos (6:6) states that there are 48 ways through which Torah is acquired, and one of them is acceptance of yissurim. Yisro could not partake in the joy of the receiving of the Torah with the Bnei Yisrael [Children of Yisrael] because he lacked one of these 48 critical ways need to acquire the Torah — yissurim.

Once, I came to the tziyun [monument] of David Hamelech [King David] and I saw a woman lighting candles. She’s been coming there every day for many years, usually on Fridays as well, to light candles. This time I saw her standing there crying and pouring her heart out in prayer. At a certain point, I commented to her how hard things are here on Har Tzion [Mount Zion].

She turned to me and said: “What do you want — Torah, Eretz Yisrael and Olam Haba without yissurim? Don’t you know that these three things come only through yissurim? You have all three here at Har Tzion—Torah, Eretz Yisrael, and iy”H [if HaShem wills] you’ll merit Olam Haba as well. How can you expect these three things without yissurim? What are you complaining about?

Why are yissurim necessary?

Still, a voice may arise within us, asking: Isn’t this cruel? Hashem doesn’t want to give us these gifts without yissurim? Why should yissurim be a necessary step?

Rav Aharon Kotler explains, based on Pirkei Avos (6:4), “This is the way of Torah, bread with salt you should eat . . . and live a life of affliction…” Meaning, the yissurim one undergoes to get Torah are not some external fine or condition that Hashem places upon him, even though you could really get Torah without them. Rather, yissurim are simply the way to get Torah. Acquiring Torah without yissurim is a myth. It would be like trying to get from Brooklyn to Manhattan Island without using a bridge, tunnel, boat, plane, or by swimming. There’s no possible way to get there. So too with Torah, yissurim are the way to get there. Only though them can we acquire Torah.

Others put a tinge of melancholy onto this, saying that yissurim are a form of punishment. The Sages disprove this by referring to yissurim as the way — the one and only way to acquire Torah. We English speakers should have no problem understanding this, as per our expression: “No pain, no gain.”

We may be tired and feel we lack the wherewithal to pick ourselves up and go to yeshiva to study Torah, but we have to realize that without exertion and losing sleep over Torah, you won’t acquire it. These are imperative; there is no other way.

Rav Aharon goes on to explain that it is only natural for such middos [qualities] to be prerequisites for Torah, as it states in Mesillas Yesharim (9), that if a person wants to enjoy all of his pleasures, in the exact, perfect way that he likes them — he will not exert himself properly in Torah. If you try to “get the best of both worlds,” learning Torah but living it up in this world, what you’re really doing is trying to get Torah in an unnatural way. By nature, receiving Torah means minimizing Olam Hazeh [this world]. If your head is busy with this world, it is not free to engage in Torah. Love of this world and love of Hashem are opposites.

Using this world to serve Hashem

I’d like to expand on what Rav Aharon Kotler said: The Beis Halevi (Responsa, Derushim 17) states that at kabalas HaTorah, when the Bnei Yisrael said naaseh venishma [we will do and we will hear, (see Shemos / Exodus 24:7)], they gave over their very being to Hashem, for Torah and His service. The Beis Halevi adds that because of this, we are commanded to sanctify Hashem’s Name, because at the time of Matan Torah we became His servants.

We must do only HaShem’s will, and what is His will? Open up the Shulchan Aruch and you’ll find a simply answer: All of this world belongs solely to Hashem. When we want something, must first make a blessing on it and then He gives us permission to take from this world.

Hashem tell us how to live: Eat with a bracha, use this world correctly, have oneg [delight in] Shabbos, enjoy simcha shel mitzva [the joy of a commandment]. We don’t have to choose either Olam Hazeh or Olam Haba. Only, there are rules. There are instructions for how to use this world. We must make use of this world, since the human body is material and must exist in this world. We are not angels who have no bodily needs, but there has to be the proper balance. Pushing for more and more material pleasure means defying Hashem’s will, as this interferes with one’s avodas Hashem [service of HaShem], but Olam Hazeh and Olam Haba are not mutually exclusive, either [see more on this in the chapter, “Reward for mitzvos is this world — Is there such a thing?”].

We cannot live in denial of this world, calling it “bad” and pushing it away. Chalila [Impossible] to say such a thing. Rather, this world is great, only… how do we use it? Are you elevating yourself via this world? Are you using the conveniences of modern technology in a constructive way to serve Hashem? When you see a new fruit, you should feel joy: “I have a chance to say a Shehechyanu [‘Who has kept us alive’ blessing]! I can make a bracha and elevate this!”

Once, I was with a family in Bnei Brak, and I saw that their attitude toward food was as if the fact that they have to eat is itself wrong and bedi’eved [less than ideal]. This is a mistake. On the contrary, I am happy; I sing and go into raptures over food. My father used to hum a nigun when he ate. We should change this outlook and develop the idea that this is a wonderful world. We have the chance to use this world in the right way, with everything being in His service, as the Navi [Prophet] states: “In all your ways, know Him” (Mishlei 3:6).

The meaning of life — servitude of Hashem

Many people are against the term eved HaShem [slave of HaShem] because they think, where am I in this picture? I’m going to lose myself…

The answer is that Hashem wants all of you, with no compromises. People make the mistake of thinking: “I have to give up on my sleep for Hashem?” The truth is, you’re not giving up anything; rather you are serving Hashem with His sleep.

What happened at Har [Mount] Sinai? We received the Torah, but how did we become servants of Hashem? Some say it was when He held the mountain over us like a barrel, but the truth is, our servitude began when we said naaseh venishma. With these words we gave ourselves to Hashem entirely. Naaseh — we will do entirely whatever You say, like when the brothers saw that they were now alone with Yosef [Joseph]. What did they say? “Behold, we are your slaves!” The same is true here.

First, let’s get a notion of what slavery is. We may have read about the lot of slaves in ancient times, and in our times as well, there have been people like Sadam Hussein who could command people to dance before him and then with a wave of his hand, order their execution. How can such a thing happen? To just kill a person with the wave of a hand? The answer is, the rulers see nothing wrong with this. These people are his slaves, after all. This is what a slave is.

If we’d see a big fish swallow a little fish, we wouldn’t rise up against any injustice. This is the way the world works, no? The small fish is food for the big fish, and so on. The same is true about the stones that joined into one underneath Yaakov’s [Jacob’s] head, to serve this tzaddik [righteous man] — this is their nature, to serve the tzaddik. The same is true for us: I am a servant of Hashem and I do His will, whatever He commands me. When we agreed to this at Matan Torah, it became our reality and purpose.

The first step of naaseh venishma, explains the Beis Halevi, is for a Jew to resolve to live in the way of Torah, giving up himself, body and soul, for Hashem and His Torah.

The next step in the defining of a Yisrael [Israel], after agreeing to give ourselves over, was that Hashem gave us kedushas haguf (holiness of the body). What is kedushas haguf? It means that this holiness can extend beyond the body. This is something every Jew can do — to influence his fellowman, and even more — to actually convert a non-Jew (via a beis din) and extend his kedushas Yisrael to him.

Rav Chaim Zimmerman devotes an entire chapter of his sefer [book] to kedushas Yisrael. There, he explains that only after Matan Torah did Jews have kedushas Yisrael. Avraham Avinu [our father Abraham] did not possess this, even though he certainly possessed kedusha of his own. Kedushas Yisrael, as said, was the result of Hashem’s granting this to us for fulfillment of mitzvos [commandments]. Even though Avraham Avinu had the din of a metzuveh v’osseh [one who does because he is commanded to] for the mitzvah of bris mila [circumcision], but not for the other mitzvos. These he fulfilled of his own volition. As great as it was to keep mitzvos without being commanded to, it did not gain Avraham kedushas Yisrael.

Is there a way for us to tap into this kedushas Yisrael that we possess? Yes! Since we gained kedushas Yisrael from the Torah, it follows that when you produce a chiddush [innovation] in Torah, you change yourself into a new being, and automatically feel this kedushah and greatness within you.

And what constitute “chiddushei Torah?” The Nefesh Hachaim clarifies that this refers to anything we learn that makes the subject matter clearer for us. Moreover, as long as we go over what we learn, the more we will see new things within it. All this is called “chiddushei Torah.” My rosh yeshiva, Rav Chanoch Leibowitz, however, would ask: If what you’re saying is really new, then it’s not Torah; and if it’s not new, then how can you call it a “chiddush?” Rather, the answer is that if you make the matter you are learning clearer to you, then vis-a-vis yourself, this is called a chiddush, but of course, whatever new insights we reach are within the Torah itself.

Of note is that once, davka [precisely] before Shavuos, the Israeli Ministry of Religions saw fit to hold an inspection at our yeshiva. Why then? Simple! The acceptance of the Torah was done with Hashem holding a barrel over the Jews, declaring that they either accept the Torah, or there would be their burial. So too Hashem brought upon us a similar case in which we had no option of taking a break from learning. Instead, everyone was dutifully in his place. Of course, this was an external reason, but it came to verify — what is our level of mesirus nefesh [self-sacrifice] for Torah? This inspection was for our benefit, to fill up the beis medrash [house of study] — because who knew when the inspectors would arrive — and once we were all there, we got to work learning with exertion, the way it should be learned. It was a merit for us and a chesed [loving-kindness] to us from Hashem, to help us accept the yoke of Torah before Shavuos.

Excerpted with permission from Imrei Mordechai, Vol. 2, A Collection of Inspirational Insights from the “Mussar Shmoozes” of HaGaon Rabbi Mordechai Goldstein Ztzvk”l, The Imrei Mordechai Institute, Diaspora Yeshiva Toras Yisrael, Mount Zion, Jerusalem, Kislev 5779.

Imrei Mordechai

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